Assesement of Muscle Activity using Ultrasonography, Electromyography and Computed Tomography in Oral Submucous Fibrosis– A Brief Review

Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic, progressive, and insidious disease that affects the mucosa of the oral cavity and may also affect the pharynx. Muscle dystrophy is a typical complication of OSMF. It shows a steady increase in the rigidity of mucosa in the oral cavity, which may lead to a restriction in mouth opening. Submucous fibrosis has become more common in India as a result of the introduction of 'Areca-nut' or 'Paan-Masala,' which is a source of concern for oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Chewing areca nuts induces ischemic alterations in the masticatory muscles, such as the masseter, as well as fibrosis, hypertrophy, and scarring. Muscle thickness has risen as a result of over activity. Advanced cases of OSMF demonstrate involvement of the masticatory muscles is required to be assessed to ascertain about the progression of the disease. Ultrasonography, Electromyography and Computed Tomography scans are all commonly utilised modalities for assessing the muscular function in OSMF. The current review focuses on these modalities and their application for evaluating the muscle activity in OSMF which will further guide the clinicians in order to fabricate a prompt treatment plan leading to desired outcomes.